DENVER — The  who was partially paralyzed in the  was ruled a homicide, raising the death toll of the 1999 attack to 14.

Anne Marie Hochhalter, center, attends a July 22, 2012, vigil held for victims of the movie theatre mass shooting two days earlier in Aurora, Colo.
Anne Marie Hochhalter died Feb. 16 of  — an extreme reaction to infection — and complications from her paralysis were a “significant contributing factor†in her death, the Jefferson County Coroner’s Office said in an autopsy report obtained Thursday. She was 43.
Twelve students and one teacher were shot and killed April 20, 1999, in the attack on Columbine. The two student gunmen took their own lives.
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Hochhalter’s brother, Nathan Hochhalter, said a pressure sore, a common problem for people living with paralysis, led to sepsis. He said he knew his sister’s life would likely be shorter because of her paralysis but her death this early was unexpected.
“We didn’t think it would be this bad this soon,†he said.
Hochhalter struggled with intense pain from her gunshot wounds in the years following the shooting, but fought hard to to overcome the complications of her injuries and remain positive, relatives and friends said. She was tireless in her drive to help others, including people with disabilities and members of her family, and she loved dogs, they said.
Hochhalter chose to forgive the mother of one of the gunmen, writing in a 2016 letter to Sue Klebold: “’A good friend once told me, ‘Bitterness is like swallowing a poison pill and expecting the other person to die.’ It only harms yourself. I have forgiven you and only wish you the best."
Hochhalter’s own tragedy was compounded six months after the shooting, when her mother, Carla Hochhalter, died by suicide. Anne Marie Hochhalter said her mother suffered from depression, and she did not believe the shootings were directly to blame for her mother's death.
After her mother's death, she became the “acquired daughter†of another family that lost a child, Lauren Townsend, in the Columbine shooting.
Townsend’s stepmother, Sue Townsend, reached out to help Hochhalter as a way to cope with her own grief. Eventually, Hochhalter joined the family for dinners and on vacations.
“She brought a light to our lives that will shine for a long time,†Townsend said.

FILE - Columbine High School shooting survivor Anne Marie Hochhalter attends a vigil for the 25th anniversary of the mass shooting, April 19, 2024, in Denver. (AP Photo/Jack Dempsey, File)
Hochhalter attended a vigil marking the 25th anniversary of the shooting last year, after skipping a similar event five years earlier because of post-traumatic stress disorder, she said in a social media post.
This time she said she was flooded with happy memories from her childhood and said she wanted those killed to be remembered for how they lived, not how they died.
“I’ve truly been able to heal my soul since that awful day in 1999,†she wrote.
A look at some of America's deadliest school shootings
Intro
Until the massacre at Colorado’s Columbine High School in 1999, the number of dead in U.S. school shootings tended to be in the single digits. Since then, the number of shootings that included schools and killed 10 or more people has mounted. The most recent two were both in Texas. In May 2022, an 18-year-old attacker killed 19 children and two adults at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. In May 2018, a 17-year-old killed 10 people at Santa Fe High School near Houston. Most of the victims were students.
Columbine High School, April 1999

COLUMBINE HIGH SCHOOL, April 1999: Two students killed 12 of their peers and one teacher at the school in Littleton, Colorado, and injured many others before killing themselves.
Red Lake High School, March 2005

RED LAKE HIGH SCHOOL, March 2005: A 16-year-old student killed his grandfather and the man's companion at their Minnesota home, then went to nearby Red Lake High School, where he killed five students, a teacher and a security guard before shooting himself.
Virginia Tech, April 2007

VIRGINIA TECH, April 2007: A 23-year-old student killed 32 people on the campus in Blacksburg, Virginia, in April 2007; more than two dozen others were wounded. The gunman then killed himself.
Sandy Hook Elementary School, December 2012

SANDY HOOK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, December 2012: A 19-year-old man killed his mother at their home in Newtown, Connecticut, then went to the nearby Sandy Hook Elementary School and killed 20 first graders and six educators. He took his own life.
Umpqua Community College, October 2015

UMPQUA COMMUNITY COLLEGE, October 2015: A man killed nine people at the school in Roseburg, Oregon, and wounded nine others, then killed himself.
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, February 2018

MARJORY STONEMAN DOUGLAS HIGH SCHOOL, February 2018: An attack left 14 students and three staff members dead at the school in Parkland, Florida, and injured many others. The 20-year-old suspect was charged with murder.
Santa Fe High School, May 2018

SANTA FE HIGH SCHOOL, May 2018: A 17-year-old opened fire at a Houston-area high school, killing 10 people, most of them students, authorities said. The suspect has been charged with murder.
Robb Elementary School, May 2022

ROBB ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, May 2022: An 18-year-old gunman opened fire Tuesday at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, killing 19 children and two adults, officials said. The 18-year-old attacker was killed by law enforcement.